Evaṃ me sutaṃ—​   ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anātha­piṇḍi­kassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahācundo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahācundo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: “yā imā, bhante, anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti—attavā­da­paṭi­saṃ­yuttā vā loka­vā­dapaṭi­saṃ­yuttā vā—ādimeva nu kho, bhante, bhikkhuno manasikaroto evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hotī”ti?

“Yā imā, cunda, anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti—attavā­da­paṭi­saṃ­yuttā vā loka­vā­dapaṭi­saṃ­yuttā vā—yattha cetā diṭṭhiyo uppajjanti yattha ca anusenti yattha ca samudācaranti taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na me so attā’ti—evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññā passato evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hoti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭha­dhamma­su­kha­vihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu vitak­ka­vicārā­naṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭha­dhamma­su­kha­vihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca vihareyya, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeyya, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti: ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭha­dhamma­su­kha­vihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanas­sa­do­manas­sā­naṃ atthaṅgamā aduk­kha­ma­su­khaṃ upekkhā­sati­pāri­suddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭha­dhamma­su­kha­vihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā, paṭi­gha­saññā­naṃ atthaṅgamā, nānat­ta­saññā­naṃ amanasikārā, ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañ­cāyata­naṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañ­cāyata­naṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viñ­ñā­ṇañ­cāyata­naṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso viñ­ñā­ṇañ­cāyata­naṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñ­cañ­ñā­yatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñ­cañ­ñā­yatanaṃ samatikkamma neva­saññā­nā­sañ­ñāyata­naṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa: ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.

1. Sal­lekha­pariyāya

Idha kho pana vo, cunda, sallekho karaṇīyo.

‘Pare vihiṃsakā bhavissanti, mayamettha avihiṃsakā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (1)

‘Pare pāṇātipātī bhavissanti, mayamettha pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (2)

‘Pare adinnādāyī bhavissanti, mayamettha adinnādānā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (3)

‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (4)

‘Pare musāvādī bhavissanti, mayamettha musāvādā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (5)

‘Pare pisuṇavācā bhavissanti, mayamettha pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (6)

‘Pare pharusavācā bhavissanti, mayamettha pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (7)

‘Pare samphappalāpī bhavissanti, mayamettha samphappalāpā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (8)

‘Pare abhijjhālū bhavissanti, mayamettha anabhijjhālū bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (9)

‘Pare byāpannacittā bhavissanti, mayamettha abyāpannacittā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (10)

‘Pare micchādiṭṭhī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammādiṭṭhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (11)

‘Pare micchāsaṅkappā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsaṅkappā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (12)

‘Pare micchāvācā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvācā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (13)

‘Pare micchākammantā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammākammantā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (14)

‘Pare micchāājīvā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāājīvā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (15)

‘Pare micchāvāyāmā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvāyāmā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (16)

‘Pare micchāsatī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsatī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (17)

‘Pare micchāsamādhi bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsamādhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (18)

‘Pare micchāñāṇī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāñāṇī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (19)

‘Pare micchāvimuttī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvimuttī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (20)

‘Pare thina­middha­pari­yuṭ­ṭhitā bhavissanti, mayamettha vigata­thina­middhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (21)

‘Pare uddhatā bhavissanti, mayamettha anuddhatā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (22)

‘Pare vicikicchī bhavissanti, mayamettha tiṇ­ṇavici­kicchā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (23)

‘Pare kodhanā bhavissanti, mayamettha akkodhanā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (24)

‘Pare upanāhī bhavissanti, mayamettha anupanāhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (25)

‘Pare makkhī bhavissanti, mayamettha amakkhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (26)

‘Pare paḷāsī bhavissanti, mayamettha apaḷāsī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (27)

‘Pare issukī bhavissanti, mayamettha anissukī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (28)

‘Pare maccharī bhavissanti, mayamettha amaccharī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (29)

‘Pare saṭhā bhavissanti, mayamettha asaṭhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (30)

‘Pare māyāvī bhavissanti, mayamettha amāyāvī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (31)

‘Pare thaddhā bhavissanti, mayamettha atthaddhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (32)

‘Pare atimānī bhavissanti, mayamettha anatimānī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (33)

‘Pare dubbacā bhavissanti, mayamettha suvacā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (34)

‘Pare pāpamittā bhavissanti, mayamettha kalyāṇamittā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (35)

‘Pare pamattā bhavissanti, mayamettha appamattā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (36)

‘Pare assaddhā bhavissanti, mayamettha saddhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (37)

‘Pare ahirikā bhavissanti, mayamettha hirimanā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (38)

‘Pare anottāpī bhavissanti, mayamettha ottāpī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (39)

‘Pare appassutā bhavissanti, mayamettha bahussutā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (40)

‘Pare kusītā bhavissanti, mayamettha āraddhavīriyā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (41)

‘Pare muṭṭhassatī bhavissanti, mayamettha upaṭṭhitassatī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (42)

‘Pare duppaññā bhavissanti, mayamettha paññāsampannā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (43)

‘Pare sandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmāsī ādhānaggāhī ­duppaṭi­nissaggī bhavissanti, mayamettha asandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmāsī anādhānaggāhī ­suppaṭi­nissaggī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. (44)

2. Cit­tu­pa­pādapa­riyāya

Cittuppādampi kho ahaṃ, cunda, kusalesu dhammesu bahukāraṃ vadāmi, ko pana vādo kāyena vācāya anuvidhīyanāsu. Tasmātiha, cunda, ‘pare vihiṃsakā bhavissanti, mayamettha avihiṃsakā bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. ‘Pare pāṇātipātī bhavissanti, mayamettha pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ … pe … ‘pare sandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmāsī ādhānaggāhī ­duppaṭi­nissaggī bhavissanti, mayamettha asandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmāsī anādhānaggāhī ­suppaṭi­nissaggī bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. (44)

3. Parik­kama­na­pariyāya

Seyyathāpi, cunda, visamo maggo assa, tassa añño samo maggo parikkamanāya; seyyathā vā pana, cunda, visamaṃ titthaṃ assa, tassa aññaṃ samaṃ titthaṃ parikkamanāya; evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisa­pugga­lassa avihiṃsā hoti parikkamanāya, pāṇātipātissa purisa­pugga­lassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, adinnādāyissa purisa­pugga­lassa adinnādānā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, abrahmacārissa purisa­pugga­lassa abrahmacariyā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, musāvādissa purisa­pugga­lassa musāvādā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, pisuṇavācassa purisa­pugga­lassa pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, pharusavācassa purisa­pugga­lassa pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, samphap­palāpissa purisa­pugga­lassa samphappalāpā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, abhijjhālussa purisa­pugga­lassa anabhijjhā hoti parikkamanāya, ­byāpan­na­cittassa purisa­pugga­lassa abyāpādo hoti parikkamanāya. (1–10.)

Micchā­diṭṭhissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammādiṭṭhi hoti parikkamanāya, micchā­saṅkap­passa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsaṅkappo hoti parikkamanāya, micchāvācassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvācā hoti parikkamanāya, ­micchā­kam­mantassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammākammanto hoti parikkamanāya, micchāājīvassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāājīvo hoti parikkamanāya, micchā­vāyāmassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvāyāmo hoti parikkamanāya, micchāsatissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsati hoti parikkamanāya, micchā­samā­dhissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsamādhi hoti parikkamanāya, micchāñāṇissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāñāṇaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, micchā­vimuttissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvimutti hoti parikkamanāya. (11–20.)

Thina­middha­pari­yuṭ­ṭhi­tassa purisa­pugga­lassa vigata­thina­middhatā hoti parikkamanāya, uddhatassa purisa­pugga­lassa anuddhaccaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, vicikicchissa purisa­pugga­lassa tiṇṇa­vici­kicchatā hoti parikkamanāya, kodhanassa purisa­pugga­lassa akkodho hoti parikkamanāya, upanāhissa purisa­pugga­lassa anupanāho hoti parikkamanāya, makkhissa purisa­pugga­lassa amakkho hoti parikkamanāya, paḷāsissa purisa­pugga­lassa apaḷāso hoti parikkamanāya, issukissa purisa­pugga­lassa anissukitā hoti parikkamanāya, maccharissa purisa­pugga­lassa amacchariyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, saṭhassa purisa­pugga­lassa asāṭheyyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, māyāvissa purisa­pugga­lassa amāyā hoti parikkamanāya, thaddhassa purisa­pugga­lassa atthaddhiyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, atimānissa purisa­pugga­lassa anatimāno hoti parikkamanāya, dubbacassa purisa­pugga­lassa sovacassatā hoti parikkamanāya, pāpamittassa purisa­pugga­lassa kalyāṇamittatā hoti parikkamanāya, pamattassa purisa­pugga­lassa appamādo hoti parikkamanāya, assaddhassa purisa­pugga­lassa saddhā hoti parikkamanāya, ahirikassa purisa­pugga­lassa hirī hoti parikkamanāya, anottāpissa purisa­pugga­lassa ottappaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, appassutassa purisa­pugga­lassa bāhusaccaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, kusītassa purisa­pugga­lassa vīriyārambho hoti parikkamanāya, muṭṭhassatissa purisa­pugga­lassa upaṭṭhi­tas­satitā hoti parikkamanāya, duppaññassa purisa­pugga­lassa paññāsampadā hoti parikkamanāya, sandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­ādhānag­gāhi­duppaṭi­nissag­gissa purisa­pugga­lassa asandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­a­nādhānag­gāhi­suppaṭi­nissag­gitā hoti parikkamanāya. (21–44.)

4. Upari­bhāga­pariyāya

Seyyathāpi, cunda, ye keci akusalā dhammā sabbe te adho­bhāgaṅ­gamanīyā, ye keci kusalā dhammā sabbe te upari­bhāgaṅ­gamanīyā; evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisa­pugga­lassa avihiṃsā hoti uparibhāgāya, pāṇātipātissa purisa­pugga­lassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti uparibhāgāya … pe … sandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­ādhānag­gāhi­duppaṭi­nissag­gissa purisa­pugga­lassa asandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­a­nādhānag­gāhi­suppaṭi­nissag­gitā hoti uparibhāgāya. (44)

5. Pari­nib­bā­na­pariyāya

So vata, cunda, attanā palipa­palipanno paraṃ palipa­palipan­naṃ uddharissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So vata, cunda, attanā apalipa­palipanno paraṃ palipa­palipan­naṃ uddharissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. So vata, cunda, attanā adanto avinīto aparinibbuto paraṃ damessati vinessati pari­nibbā­pessatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So vata, cunda, attanā danto vinīto parinibbuto paraṃ damessati vinessati pari­nibbā­pessatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisa­pugga­lassa avihiṃsā hoti parinibbānāya, pāṇātipātissa purisa­pugga­lassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Adinnādāyissa purisa­pugga­lassa adinnādānā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Abrahmacārissa purisa­pugga­lassa abrahmacariyā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Musāvādissa purisa­pugga­lassa musāvādā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Pisuṇavācassa purisa­pugga­lassa pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Pharusavācassa purisa­pugga­lassa pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Samphap­palāpissa purisa­pugga­lassa samphappalāpā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Abhijjhālussa purisa­pugga­lassa anabhijjhā hoti parinibbānāya. Byāpan­na­cittassa purisa­pugga­lassa abyāpādo hoti parinibbānāya. (1–10.)

Micchā­diṭṭhissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammādiṭṭhi hoti parinibbānāya. Micchā­saṅkap­passa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsaṅkappo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāvācassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvācā hoti parinibbānāya. ­Micchā­kam­mantassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammākammanto hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāājīvassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāājīvo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchā­vāyāmassa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvāyāmo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāsatissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsati hoti parinibbānāya. Micchā­samā­dhissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāsamādhi hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāñāṇissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāñāṇaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Micchā­vimuttissa purisa­pugga­lassa sammāvimutti hoti parinibbānāya. (11–20.)

Thina­middha­pari­yuṭ­ṭhi­tassa purisa­pugga­lassa vigata­thina­middhatā hoti parinibbānāya. Uddhatassa purisa­pugga­lassa anuddhaccaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Vicikicchissa purisa­pugga­lassa tiṇṇa­vici­kicchatā hoti parinibbānāya. Kodhanassa purisa­pugga­lassa akkodho hoti parinibbānāya. Upanāhissa purisa­pugga­lassa anupanāho hoti parinibbānāya. Makkhissa purisa­pugga­lassa amakkho hoti parinibbānāya. Paḷāsissa purisa­pugga­lassa apaḷāso hoti parinibbānāya. Issukissa purisa­pugga­lassa anissukitā hoti parinibbānāya. Maccharissa purisa­pugga­lassa amacchariyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Saṭhassa purisa­pugga­lassa asāṭheyyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Māyāvissa purisa­pugga­lassa amāyā hoti parinibbānāya. Thaddhassa purisa­pugga­lassa atthaddhiyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Atimānissa purisa­pugga­lassa anatimāno hoti parinibbānāya. Dubbacassa purisa­pugga­lassa sovacassatā hoti parinibbānāya. Pāpamittassa purisa­pugga­lassa kalyāṇamittatā hoti parinibbānāya. Pamattassa purisa­pugga­lassa appamādo hoti parinibbānāya. Assaddhassa purisa­pugga­lassa saddhā hoti parinibbānāya. Ahirikassa purisa­pugga­lassa hirī hoti parinibbānāya. Anottāpissa purisa­pugga­lassa ottappaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Appassutassa purisa­pugga­lassa bāhusaccaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Kusītassa purisa­pugga­lassa vīriyārambho hoti parinibbānāya. Muṭṭhassatissa purisa­pugga­lassa upaṭṭhi­tas­satitā hoti parinibbānāya. Duppaññassa purisa­pugga­lassa paññāsampadā hoti parinibbānāya. Sandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­ādhānag­gāhi­duppaṭi­nissag­gissa purisa­pugga­lassa asandiṭ­ṭhi­parāmā­si­a­nādhānag­gāhi­suppaṭi­nissag­gitā hoti parinibbānāya. (21–44.)

Iti kho, cunda, desito mayā sal­lekha­pariyāyo, desito cit­tup­pāda­pariyāyo, desito parik­kama­na­pariyāyo, desito upari­bhāga­pariyāyo, desito pari­nib­bā­na­pariyāyo. Yaṃ kho, cunda, satthārā karaṇīyaṃ sāvakānaṃ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya, kataṃ vo taṃ mayā. Etāni, cunda, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni, jhāyatha, cunda, mā pamādattha, mā pacchā­vippa­ṭisārino ahuvattha—ayaṃ kho amhākaṃ anusāsanī”ti.

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā mahācundo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

Catuttā­lī­sapadā vuttā,
sandhayo pañca desitā;
Sallekho nāma suttanto,
gambhīro sāgarūpamoti.

Sallekhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.